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Type 2 Diabetes: A Case for Cardiovascular Intervention

Accreditation
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and Discovery Health Channel, in partnership with ProCom International. The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Program Overview
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising to epidemic proportions worldwide and is now one of the top five causes of death in developed countries. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the majority of cases and several factors — a sedentary lifestyle, excessive dietary intake, and obesity — are responsible for this increase. Medical research now confirms that type 2 diabetes is caused by the dual defects of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. It has been demonstrated that almost two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes have glucose levels above recommended guidelines. Over time, hyperglycemia may lead to cardiovascular disease, blindness, limb amputation, or even death. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to close the gap between current levels of control and treatment goals in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of type 2 diabetes. Discovery Health CME brings together a group of experts to discuss lifestyle modification, diabetes monitoring, and pharmacotherapy and thereby help healthcare practitioners improve type 2 diabetes control and reduce the associated risks of morbidity and mortality.

Acknowledgement of Commercial Support
This program is funded through an educational grant from GlaxoSmithKline.

Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of this program, participants should be able to:

• Describe how type 2 diabetes can be managed through lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions.
• Demonstrate that aggressive combination therapy to treat the dual defects of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, may alter disease progression.
• Explain that maintaining patients at glycemic goals can minimize the risk of micro- and macrovascular complications.
• Identify the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes as an independent CV risk factor.
• Apply the latest thiazolidinedione (TZD) outcomes data to clinical practice so that these agents can be used more effectively to maximize cardioprotective effects.

Target Audience
This program has been developed for internal medicine physicians, family practitioners, general practitioners, and other clinicians treating patients with type 2 diabetes.

This program is intended solely for the education of physicians and other healthcare professionals. Any consumers who view this program should consult their physicians regarding any questions they have regarding type 2 diabetes.

Term of Approval
The CME test is valid through April 30, 2007. No credit will be issued after this date.

Notice of Unlabeled or Unapproved Uses
The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health advises the audience that one or more presentations in this continuing medical education activity may contain reference(s) to unlabeled or unapproved uses of drugs or devices.

Faculty Disclosure Information
Willa A. Hsueh, M.D.
Advisory board member for: GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis.
Speaker for: GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis.  

Richard W. Nesto, M.D.
Honoraria: Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Speaker for: Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda Pharmaceuticals.

Peter N. Weissman, M.D.
Grants/research supported by: Amylin Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, sanofi-aventis; Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Speaker for: Amgen Inc., Hoffmann-La Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, Proctor & Gamble, Takeda Pharmaceuticals.

CME Reviewer: Melissa Meredith, M.D.
No relevant financial relationship to disclose.